The “other specific types of diabetes” include the types of diabetes caused by several etiological factors; other than the three types namely type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus). This other specific types of diabetes was formerly called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) or diabetes with defects of insulin action.

The “other specific types of diabetes” includes several categories. The categories are given below:

Genetic defects of beta cell function due to mutations in:

• Hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor (HNF) 4-alpha (MODY-1).
• Glucokinase enzyme (MODY-2).
• Hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor (HNF) 1-alpha (MODY-3).
• Insulin promoter factor-1 (MODY-4).
• Hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor (HNF) 1-beta (MODY-5).
• NeuroD1 (MODY-6).
• Subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
• Mitochondrial DNA.
• Proinsulin to insulin conversion.

Genetic defects in insulin action:

• Type-A insulin resistance.
• Lipodystrophy syndromes.
• Leprechaunism.
• Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome.

Endocrinopathies:

• Acromegaly.
• Cushing's syndrome.
• Pheochromocytoma.
• Glucagonoma.
• Hyperthyroidism.
• Somatostatinoma
• Aldosteronoma.

Diseases of the exocrine pancreas:

• Pancreatitis.
• Pancreatectomy.
• Hemochromatosis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Neoplasm.
• Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy.
• Mutations in carboxyl ester lipase.

Viral infections:

• Congenital rubella virus infection.
• Cytomegalovirus infection.
• Coxsackie virus infection.

Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes:

• Anti-insulin receptor antibodies.
• “Stiff-person” syndrome.

Genetic syndromes rarely associated with diabetes:

• Down's syndrome.
• Klinefelter's syndrome.
• Turner's syndrome.
• Porphyrias.
• Huntington's chorea.
• Friedreich's ataxia
• Wolfram's syndrome.
• Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.
• Myotonic dystrophy.
• Prader-Willi syndrome.