Generally adverse reactions of blood transfusion are (1) non immune mediated and (2) immune mediated. Fortunately the common adverse reactions that occurs after blood transfusion are mild and serious adverse reactions occur only rarely, if ever.

The blood transfusion may also be complicated by transmission of infectious agents, such as virus, bacteria, and other infectious agents. Fortunately the transmission of infectious agents is also rare, especially viral transmissions are becoming rarer due to pretransfusion screening of donor’s blood.

What are the non immune mediated adverse reactions that can occur?

The non immune mediated adverse reactions that can occur after transfusion of blood and blood components are volume overload, hypothermia (subnormal body temperature), electrolyte imbalance (mainly toxicity), iron overload, hypotensive reactions and immunomodulation etc.

The most important consequence of obesity is increased risk of death. Obesity is one of the leading causes of health problems. Obesity is responsible for higher morbidity and mortality. The risk of death from all causes is approximately 100% higher in compared to a normal weight individual. Obesity and overweight (BMI of 25-30) is leading cause of preventable death throughout the world, including in underdeveloped and poor countries. Obesity is responsible for more than 300,000 deaths annually in United States alone. The life expectancy of moderately obese individual is 2-5 years less than normal individuals and much lesser in highly obese individuals.

The important consequences (complications) of obesity include development of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes, different cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, increased incidence of gall stones, increased incidence of cancer, reproductive disorders, diseases of bones and joints etc.